The Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India: in Service for Sight

Economics of Organization PATAGONIA Case * Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a broad-based movement in business that encourages companies to take responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, employees, communities and the environment. Patagonia is a manufacturer of high quality outdoor and adventure sport clothing. Patagonia have found unambiguous ways to couple their products’ function and the brands environmental values.Their business model raises major sums for environmental causes and their technological innovation reduces the environmental impact of their products. * How Patagonia turned CSR into a competitive advantage  ? One important issue for a balanced management has been the willingness of the company to create a profit business but with the desire to respect the environment. We might think that this commitment to the environment is not an internally competitive advantage because it can raise costs and hurt margins. Indeed en vironmentally-friendly policies are not the most financially savy.This issue is important because Patagonia’s entire brand and business is associated with preserving the environment. However, externally, this gave Patagonia a competitive advantage because of the brand loyalty it developed. For example, Patagonia’s existing customer base rose in median age to approximately 44 years old in 2002. Externally, this proved to be a significant strategic issue because competition brands like Columbia and North Face were able to attract younger demographics, which represented a significant source of future income.The company had a particularly strong commitment to the environment – so much so that the management was placed inside implement a policy of slow growth to promote a business model that is more respectful of the environment. Beyond simply slowing growth, the company has undertaken several initiatives for energy efficiency and recycling center for its customer se rvice and retail. This is show how the company controls its growth and reduces waste. Patagonia's methods also show that a slew of counterintuitive business tips can lead to do good while increasing the bottom line and that this is why they got to where they are today. Is this competitive advantage sustainable? In my mind, CSR is a competitive advantage. Firstly corporate social responsibility helps rise the companies prestige and fame, which implicitly leads to an increase in the sales, protection in times of crisis and therefore a greater competitive advantage. Even if certain actions may affect economic performance on the short term, they will eventually lead to an increase in the corporations’ long-term competitive capacity due to their beneficial effects at society level and to the creation of a favorable external environment.Secondly, we may state that social responsibility is the corporations response to the requirements of the environment, in the sense that the compan ies’ own actions and goals should be linked to the common interests and major tendencies of the reference environment. It also gives a competitive advantage to the corporations themselves, helping them ensure a sustainable development.

Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy

Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy? In recent years, Generation Y is particularly underemployed in the United States. Some people consider sluggish economy as an important reason for Generation Y unemployed. Other said the most important reason is Generation Y is extreme laziness – despite the opportunities that await them. I agree with the second point. In my opinion, Generation Y just lazy, they don’t want to spend a lot of time to work. They are making a choice to work at companies that pay less but offer them that more free time.Although they have bachelor’s degree, they prefer to work in retail jobs. This may be due to their attributes, working attitude and government compensation. The first reason that leads to Generation Y lazy can be Generation Y’s attribute. â€Å"We can learn Generation Y does assign different levels of importance and partially assigns different levels of happiness to the five motivational factors examined in this study: re sponsibilities, compensation, work environment, advancement potential, and free time.This study represents the first attempt to explore motivational factors for the Generation Y workforce within the federal government†(Barford). Depend on my research, I learned Generation Y’s responsibility is least, and free time is the most important for Generation Y. They are making a choice to work at companies that pay less but offer them that more free time. Generation Y’s attributes showed us that they have less responsibility for company and they would like get more free time. In other word, they don’t spend a lot of time to work.Second, underemployed due to Generation Y’s working attitude. We can learn the best-paid jobs with companies ranked high among Generation Y are all in science and technology, the survey shows. Google, Intel and Microsoft are all among the top five best companies for Gen Y, ranked based on average pay for Millennial working there, jo b satisfaction and flexible schedules, among other things. At the same time, it's most common for Gen Y to work for small companies of 100 employees or less†(Hadley). We can learn Generation Y prefer to flexible schedules and chose small companies.They most likely to hold low-paying jobs in retail, so that degree is not important for them. They don’t want to study in high school or university because they can find a job without degree. On the other hand, Internet is very important for Generation Y. In fact more than half of Gen Y workers â€Å"will not accept a job that bans social media. † This report demonstrates that to Gen Y, they â€Å"consider the internet to be as important as air, water, food, and shelter and will choose a lower paying job in order to be able use it – especially in lieu of doing any actual work.Because Generation Y is lazy, they are not employed in large numbers inside America’s biggest companies. This is Generation Yâ€⠄¢s working attitude that is one of reason of lazy. The government compensation effects on unemployment, which stimulate unemployment people, are lazy to seeking job. The government unemployment compensation is likely to have increased the average rate of unemployment. â€Å"Our current system of unemployment compensation has two distinct but related bad incentives. The first one for those who are employed, it reduces and eliminated the cost of increasing the period of unemployment.The second effect for more unsteady work, it raises net wage to the employee relative to the cost to the employer. â€Å"(Feldstein ;amp; Martin, p 39). According to these two effects of unemployment compensation, it stimulates the people who are lazy to seeking job. The government unemployment entitlement gives guarantee for the people who are lose job or seeking job, however, this overprotected politics cases extreme laziness to underemployment to find job. In conclusion, I agree with this point that Generation Y is just lazy. This may be due to their attributes, working attitude and government compensation.Actually, Generation Y can improve their life quality, if they are not lazy. They have ability to get good degree and find a good job. Works Cited Barford, Ian N and Hester, Defense Acquisition Research Journal: A Publication of the Defense Acquisition University; Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p63-80, 18p, 2 Color Photographs, 5 Graphs Hadley Malcolm, Gen Y most likely to hold low-paying jobs in retail, USA Today, 07347456, AUG 22, 2012. Feldstein ;amp; Martin. Unemployment compensation: its effect on unemployment. Monthly Labor Review; Mar76, Vol. 99 Issue 3, p39, 3p.

Installing and Upgrading Software Essay

There are a number of reasons for upgrading software, generally the main reason is that the software has been improved or security problems have been addressed, or it offers new functionality. You may also install or update software when a new piece of hardware is installed in order to make it compatible. Other reasons may include software which is no longer supported by the manufacturer. If the software in question brings new functionality to the computer system in day to day life and makes that task easier, then you should consider updating. You also upgrade when you need to or when you want to upgrade or when your system is not working properly, existing software fails to run correctly and when additional functionality required. Sometimes, your pc crashes, freezes, your PC runs very slow, Having Problems Shutting down the computer and Shutting down applications and sometimes its shutdown while you are doing something or you may just get blank screen. If you find that you need more power in your machine and then you can upgrade your components, when your computer stops doing what you need it to do, then it is time to consider upgrading or replacing the computer. You upgrade when your existing system is not work properly, when you need new hardware or new software for your system and sometimes it may be company policy that you upgrade systems. You upgrade to fix programming bugs and security holes. Describe the potential prompt that initiate new or upgrade software: When you upgrade the software it might not work because it may not be suitable for the system specification, so in that situation you will need to upgrade the system to allow that software to work. Upgrading new software is used in computing and user electronics, generally meaning replacement of software with a newer version, in order to bring the system up to date to improve its characteristics. When installing or upgrading you should be aware of all the different types of risks that can occur risks such as prompts. Explain the advantage and potential disadvantage of the installation or upgrade of new software: The advantages of the installation or upgrades of the new software are that it may allow you to install different applications and also it may add new features to your current software. The disadvantages is that the upgrade may not be successful or even cause problems to other software which are currently installed and also it may stop other applications from running. It also may cause problems to existing system.

The Fukushina Disaster Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Fukushina Disaster - Research Paper Example The disaster happened in Japan which has one of the worlds most sophisticated nuclear engineers, technicians and scientist and despite this expertise, the disaster still happened. My gut is nagging me that if this could happen in Japan with all that expertise about Nuclear Power, it could be worst elsewhere in the world. I really would like to know because the coverage last year was limited where employees and the company involved (TEPCO) did not publicly talked about what really happened inside the plant that left many questions unanswered. The assignment and the video provided an excellent opportunity for me to satisfy that curiosity. Perhaps the essense of the video is best encapsulated by Fukushim Daichi’s nuclear engineer â€Å"that they could not imagine that a nuclear plant would lose all its power† in the same manner that they did not expect that a nuclear power plant could be vulnerable to tsunami. But it did anyway and their options became restricted. The tsun ami that hit the Fukushima Daichi plant was twice high its tsunami walls and so it flooded the plant. In effect, it destroyed the generators that were located in the basement who were supposed to provide power to cool the nuclear reactor when the regular power shut down due to the earthquake. In sum, everything that happened in Fukushima that led to the disaster was unexpected; from the tsunami that got twice as high their protective walls (TEPCO was warned by government commissioned scientists in 2009 that their protective walls were inaduate from tsunami) to the breaking down of the generators that were supposed to cool down the reactor. In the end, they were left The account was dramatic and very engaging because the information that were presented were not from secondary sources. The people behind the documentary can be lauded because it was able to interview the people who manually vent out the radiation. It also included the Prime Minister who provided candid answers to the qu estions. Also, the documentary was able to present the ugly dilemma that the Prime Minister had to decide on, to give permission to release or vent radiation in the atmosphere. Everybody knew that the vent out has to be done to ease the pressure in the nuclear containment to avoid explosion that will have a far more damaging effect that could last up to decades. Only that the Prime Minister has to decide and even has to go to the plant himself to give the order when he suspected that the executives of TEPCO were hiding the truth from him. It is an ugly decision that he has to make but he has to because the safety, health and future of his country is at stake. Still, even when the nuclear pressure was released, plant 1 of the Nakaigichi plant still exploded which sent chills to everybody’s spine (plant 3 also exploded laer). The relief only came when the containment was still intact that the explosion was caused by a hydrogen leak and not from a nuclear meltdown. The drama and dilemma that the video has more than adequately presented led me to think about the option of using nuclear plant as a source of energy. It led me to think about many things that is connected not only with the plant, but also on the various sources of energy, on how can we limit our dependency to

Business Accounts and Users of Financial Statements Research Paper

Business Accounts and Users of Financial Statements - Research Paper Example This paper tells that each of the users  of financial statements has different needs and interest in financial information. First, investors require financial information to assist in making investment decisions. Before putting their resources for investment purposes, investors have to evaluate the performance of firms to establish whether the businesses can enable them to earn their required rate of return (Fess & Warren 1993). This would help them make an investment decision and determine what amount to invest in a firm. Shareholders are also interested in the financial performance of the firm as it determines the dividends they will receive and the worth of their investment. Firms with good financial performance well will have good share prices and shareholders will need this financial information to determine whether to sell their shares or buy more shares (Nikolai, Bazley, & Jones 2009). Lenders are the second users of financial information. Lenders are either individuals or f inancial institutions that offer loans to firms that are need of funds. Before making their lending decision in terms of whether to lend and what amount to give to firms. They have to look at the financial performance to determine the risk of their money. The lenders will be interested in the performance of the firm within the duration of their loan (Fess & Warren 1993). In addition, the employees and their unions are also interested parties of a firm’s financial statement. Employees put their efforts in ensuring that the firm achieves their objectives and therefore need feedback on their performance. They also require the financial statements as a basis for bargaining for their increment in remuneration and other benefits like retirement.  The employees also need financial information to help in the formulation of new strategies that are meant for improving the performance of the organization. Financial information as well is needed by the employees to determine the organi zation continued existence for job security purposes. Creditors and suppliers are also interested in the financial information to determine the ability of the business to pay their owing debt as they fall due. This group is interested in the short term liquidity of the business rather than the long term performance (Deloitte 2011). Firms with good financial performance will have reliable creditors. Moreover, customers are also interested in the financial performance of the business in cases where they are interested in long term relationship with the business. Customers who depend solely on the business for their products will need to require surety of the business continued existence. Notwithstanding, the government authorities be it federal or state need the financial information for regulatory purposes. The security exchange authority will need financial information to determine the policies and to determine the national income of the country (Deloitte 2011). They also require fi nancial performance as a way of determining the soundness of the capital markets. The public may also be interested in the financial performance especially to businesses that affect the general public good. The public closely monitors businesses that are major employers or contribute substantially to the economy (Kravitz 1999).  

Response to Cole and Foster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Response to Cole and Foster - Essay Example Cole and Foster (58-60) identify that there are questions arising and unanswered about environmental safety. Why is dumping done to some communities during others getaway? Why environmental guidelines are vigorously implemented in particular communities while others are spared? Can environmental fairness be incorporated into environmental security? "What institutional changes are needed in order to" attain a just and sustainable environmental society? In addition, what community systematizing strategies and public procedures are helpful tools against environmental racism? This paper studies environmental racism, why there is difficulty in redressing the situation even when it apparent and why it is important for all environmentalists to acknowledge the equity between environmental and social problems. Moreover, the paper analyses the risks associated with environmental racism and how the problem should be addressed. Environmental racism is a shape of institutionalized prejudice. America is in the leading front in terms of economic and military force globally. The US economic engine generates enormous wealth, consumerism and high living standards. Nevertheless, this growth machine also produces pollution, waste and ecological destruction. America has some of the finest environmental laws in planet Earth. However, in the genuine world, not all communities are created equal. Over an extended period, environmental regulations have lagged in achieving homogeneous benefits across all divisions of society. The laws in US allow some communities to be routinely poisoned while others are protected from environmental hazards (Cole & Foster 58). As mentioned earlier, environmental racism refers to the unequal or misappropriate distribution of environmental hazards by race or income. Between the two predictors of environmental hazard distribution, the risk is more profound in terms of race as compared to

UK Property Price Volatility Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

UK Property Price Volatility - Term Paper Example In the Interim Report no. 91 of the Miles review, The bank borrowers consider the bank mortgage interest rates, mostly short-term interest rates,   when applying for bank loans. This is the reason why short-term interest rates have higher volatility rates than long-term loans.  Ã‚   Starting thirty years ago, the United Kingdom housing market has been very volatile. The factors affecting the volatility of the house prices are the level of bank loans and the related loan interests and the sudden increasing trend of housing transactions. There is now a move to transit the variable rate mortgage basis in housing loans tot eh fixed rate mortgage basis.   The volatility of the housing market can be decreased if longer term, fixed rate mortgages will be implemented to replace the more delicately sensitive current variable charge housing mortgage rates. The short-term or variable mortgage interest rate basis, according to the findings of Meen(2002) has resulted to short-term sensitivity analysis of house prices of six times the elasticity of United Kingdom market as compared to the housing price industry of the United States.   The structure of the housing finance industry has contributed to the macroeconomic volatility. Based on Chart   6.1, The house prices are affected by the Gross Domestic Product and the Consumption in the United Kingdom. This only proves that when consumption increases and the gross domestic products increase, the house prices will follow behind as the house prices also increase and decrease to keep in step with the two variables mentioned. The three variables (GDP, consumption and house prices) in turn act as a major push on the United Kingdom economy. The Oxford Economic Forecasting and the National Institute of Economic and Social Research did a study on housing prices.   Chart 6.2 shows that as the growth rate increases, house prices also increase to keep in step thereby contributing to the macroeconomic volatility.

American Revolution and Early British Colonies Essay

American Revolution and Early British Colonies - Essay Example Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson as well as Alex Hamilton who were great advocates of the republicanism and advocated the formation of a united country based on different British Colonies. Patriots were the people who actually declared independence of thirteen British Colonies to form what is now called United States of America.The writings of Samuel Adams specially his circular letter resulted into the famous Boston Massacre. His writings are considered as one of the key efforts towards the development of an environment which led to the revolution.Thomas Paine’s Common Sense is also considered as one of the most important contribution towards the events leading to the revolution. In this book, Paine extensively advocated the separation of America from United Kingdom. His series of writings with the name of The American Crisis is also considered as important contribution towards the actual revolution which however, materialized after some period of time.The Massachusetts Bay Col ony was owned by the Massachusetts Bay Company and covered most of the areas which are now part of the New England. In Virginia, the first colony established was the Jamestown near Chesapeake Bay and it was financed by the London Virginia Company. Plymouth Colony was established by the people who escaped the religious wrath of the English Authorities whereas Cape Ann was also established as a fishing village in the region. (Taylor) The similarities between these colonies suggest that they were established for the purpose of achieving economic good.

The Nature of Investment in Information Infrastructure Essay

The Nature of Investment in Information Infrastructure - Essay Example However, the degree of success in implementing and investing in IT depends on how the fit between the Technology side and the business side of the overall strategy of the organization. However, this alignment of the IT with the business strategy can be accomplished through the use various IT strategic alignment models. This case analysis will use the Scott Morton Alignment model which is considered as more simple yet powerful model by allowing the use of IT as a strategic driver of change. The use of this model will allow us to view the Metalco from the perspective of strategy, structure, management processes, technology and roles and skills and how they fit into the overall strategy of the organization. The proposed SAP Project will cost Metalco around $23.500 millions with tangible savings in labor cost of 10 million dollars over the period of 5 years with increasing margins to the tune of $ 5 million over the period of 5 years. However, the major benefit of this proposed project wills easy manageability of the operational activities of the traditional systems at the Metalco is more directed at generating the reports rather than managing the operational activities. Metalco is one of the largest enterprises in Australia having a very rich and old history. Established in 1933, Metalco is engaged in the production of low value-added mineral products. The main activities of the organization are discovery, development, production as well as processing minerals including petroleum. Metalco has an asset of AUD 6.00 Billion whereas the revenue figures achieved in 1995 was well over. A complete description of the corporate history, as well as the corporate structure, can be found in exhibit A. Metalco has largely remained a very conservatively operated company with little or no focus on aligning the various independent information.

To what extent does the protective trade policy of the USA influence Essay

To what extent does the protective trade policy of the USA influence the Chinese economy - Essay Example United States of America (USA) has come out clearly in opposition to the kind of trading done by China. USA blames China for being business minded at the cost of the relations that exist between China and foreign investors. After USA and China re-established diplomatic relations in early 1979, trading between these two nations advanced greatly. China rose to the rank of being an imperative business partner of USA. However, with time, US imports from China rose to a higher level than the exports to that country. This resulted in the need for USA to formulate policies that would reduce consumption of products from China. For example, since the year 2004, USA banned poultry products from China. There are regulatory measures that are taken to limit trade within a nation when that nation is considered a threat to the balance of trade between the two nations. To benefit their citizens in a trade venture, some countries protect their markets against foreigners. This is an evaluation of the causes and effects of protectionism of trade by US on Chinese economy and possible remedies for restoring trade relations. Protectionism: This is an illegitimate way by which politicians use to shut down imports into a country on account of worsened domestic economic condition. This is aimed at improving benefits to local citizens and reduces spending on imports. Through this a country targets to spend less on imports than on exports (Chen, 2010, p170). Trade policies: These are regulations that are implemented by a nation to regulate trade relations with its partners. Through these regulations, a country is able to balance its spending on imports and exports. This fosters growth of a nation through time. Some trade policies are unjustifiable and are put in place to sideline potential competitors within a field of market (Gomory and Baumol, 2011, 689). Free trade: This is the creation of unrestricted exchanges of goods and services

Critical Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical Responses - Essay Example On the other hand, multiple platforms are very beneficial since they are able to break down the original concepts into items that are understood by diverse groups of people. Whenever a new entertainment platform is used, it is only sensible and appropriate to apply additional creativity so that the need for entertainment is satisfied through that other platform. Very few platforms have the capacity of retaining the original content; a change of the content out rightly results in loss of the original concepts that were highlighted by the original author (Koku, 1995). There are many examples that can be used to strengthen this position. Many people use novels as a source of entertainment by reading interesting stories that were developed by the author. The story will apply very interesting scenarios that appeals to the reader and creates a lot of reading suspense. The translation of the novel to a film brings forth other views that never featured in the novel in order to enhance the visual appeal. This means that I the process, there occurs lose in some of the original concepts while some new ones are added therein. As it is well put by Jenkins (2003), as content gets across the entertainment platforms, it is followed by enhancements through creativeness. This is termed as a distraction or corruption from the original concepts that were intended by the original author. When a concept is concept is drawn from a movie to a videogame, there are outright differences that are expected. In the first place, a videogame will be required to depict some fl exibility so that the player is able to enjoy make their own manoeuvres. However, despite the differences in some of the content there are similar concept that are applied across the board. For example, in a real football match compared to a video football game like FIFA, the rules of football follow to the letter. The difference is that the players are

The Gender Theory Essay Example for Free

The Gender Theory Essay Shopping is something that can be quickly defined as a woman’s paradise or â€Å"realm of expertise†. It has often been said that women spend more time and money shopping that men spend time and money shopping. In my experiment, I will go to Costco and choose five people at random. I intend to prove that women will spend more time and money shopping at Costco than men will spend time and money at Costco. I also intend to prove that more women will need assistance with placing their items in their vehicles than men will need assistance with placing their items in their vehicles. The gender role theory played a significant role in this experiment. In the theory, women assume the role of the nurturer and caregiver. Men, on the other hand, assume the role of the protector and the aggressor. Subject A- Female (37) 1. Time spent in Costco- two hours. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $149. 27. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? No Subject B- Female (52) 1. Time spent in Costco- one hour. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $50. 12. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? No Venus vs. Mars 3 Subject C- Male (31) 1. Time spent in Costco- three hours and thirty minutes. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $412. 92. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? Yes Subject D- Male (47) 1. Time spent in Costco- three hours. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $371. 58. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? Yes Subject E- Male (22) 1. Time spent in Costco- twenty minutes. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $22. 12. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? No The gender role theory was switched with the test subjects. The women, Subjects A and B, were defensive when approached for the experiment. They both were short and to the point with their answers. They were both aggressive to the point wherein they asked me to stand at least an arms length away from them. The men, on the other hand, were quite the opposite. Subjects C and D both were inviting and talkative. They both shook my hand and held lengthy conversations with me after I assisted them with placing the items in their respective vehicles. Subject E behaved the same way as Subjects A and B. Venus vs. Mars 4 The expected outcome did not occur. Out of the five test subjects, the men spent more time and money shopping at Costco. The men, for the most part, were the ones who required assistance with placing their belongings in their vehicles. If this experiment were to be performed again, more test subjects should be used in order to have a basis for proving or disproving the gender theory.

The Development Of Strong Sense Of Self Esteem

The Development Of Strong Sense Of Self Esteem Introduction The development of a strong sense of self-esteem during childhood is important since children are to withstand the family stresses, school pressures, and temptations in societies. It is also a general belief of many professionals, including researchers, educations and parents, high self-esteem in children is linked to better academic achievement and more success in life (Leary, Schreindorfer, Haupt, 1995), conversely, low self-esteem is linked to poor school performance and deviant social behaviours (Daane, 2003). This paper is to discuss whether schools should put resources for boosting self-esteem of their students so as to improve students school performance/achievements. Self Esteem and School Performance Self-esteem is a complex concept. Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, and Blosser (2000) explained this term as the basic developmental milestone of all children which is paramount in basic personality development. The simple definition for self-esteem is how much value that people place on themselves. Self-esteem is difficult to have an accurate or exact definition. Thus various explanations/definitions of self-esteem are listed in the figure below cited by Malbi and Reasoner (2000). Figure 1: Some Definitions of Self-Esteem Cited (Malbi Reasoner, 2000) The interpretation of self-esteem can be generalised as the extent to which an individual believes himself or herself to be competent and worthy of living. Humphrey (2004) identified the three constructs of sense of self which are self-concept, ideal-self, and self-esteem. He explained that self-esteem is an evaluation of personal worth based on the difference between ones ideal-self and ones self-concept. Lawrence (2000) mentioned that self-esteem construct is recognised today to be a major factor in learning outcomes. With reference to the various definitions of self-esteem, people with high self-esteem possess the characteristics of having higher aspiration and better global evaluation of oneself. They should be more willing to persist in dealing with initial failure and to have no sense of hopeless when recognising of their initial incapability. Furthermore they should have confidence when facing problems and get satisfaction easily from progress and success. According to Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, and Vohs (2003), however, self-esteem can refer to an inflated, arrogant, grandiose, unwarranted sense of conceited superiority over others. Low self-esteem refers as an unfavourable or relatively unfavourable definition of self when using some common self-esteem scores. Therefore, low self-esteem can be further defined as either an accurate and well-founded understanding of a persons shortcomings or a distorted, pathological sense of insecurity and inferiority (Baumeister et al., 2003). Learning refers to acquire information and skills that one does not initially have. Effective learning can be revealed by proper measurement of school performance of students such as commonly use of GPA and achievement scores/grades. Researches have consistently shown positive correlations between how people value themselves (self-esteem), and the level of their academic achievements (school performance). Those who have higher self-esteem with confidence, generally achieve more in schools, while those who lack confidence with lower self-esteem achieve academically less. No one would argue that the majority of students in band 3 schools of Hong Kong are likely to have relatively low self-esteem as a result of feeling inadequate over not being able to read, write or spell like most others studying in the schools at the upper bands although their relatively low self-esteem may be a result of other experiences beginning in childhood (Lawrence, 2000) or problematic distribution of self-es teem scores. Furthermore, many educators and administrators believe that one of possible sources of self-esteem may be academic achievement. Good academic results could enhance a students sense of worthiness and competence (Naderi, Abdullah, Aizan, Sharir, Kumar, 2009). It is found in a research that self-esteem and academic achievement seem to be most highly related between the years of about seven to fifteen (Malbi Reasoner, 2000). However, the enthusiastic claims of the self-esteem movement are not sustainable in view of some selected researches to be discussed in the following section. In fact the effects of self-esteem on academic achievement are small, limited, and not all good. A Myth of Self-Esteem In 1986, the Californian government funded a task force annually with the huge amount of money to boost the self esteem of her citizens aiming at the reduction of some social problems, such as unwanted pregnancy and school failure, as well as subsequently the contribution of the taxpayers. Disappointingly, the literature review done by this task force shown low associations between self-esteem and its presumed consequences (Smelser, 1989). Albert Ellis, a reputable clinical psychologist, claimed that self-esteem was the greatest know to man or woman because it was conditional so that people would be in more favourable conditions if they stopped trying to force themselves to believe they are worthy. Self-esteem movements are a distinctive feature of individualist cultures in western countries like the US but the same concerns are rare in collective cultures like Japan. That indicates that self-esteem is not a universal human motive but rather an artefact. The effect of self-esteem on a childs school performance can be examined in two aspects: the correlation and the causal relationship between self-esteem and school performance. Positive but Weak Correlation Many researchers investigated the correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement in recent years. However, only some of them, like Maruyama, Rubin, and Kingsbury (1981), found that high self-esteem facilitates academic achievement. Self-esteem is multidimensional, which can refer as either academic self-esteem, physical appearance self-esteem or global self-esteem. Many researches in which showed positive correlation were generally used global self-esteem instead of academic self-esteem for their measurements that reduced the confidence of their outcomes and results. Pullmann and Allik (2008) found that only a limited correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement. Indeed they identified in their studies that low general self-esteem did not necessarily signal a poor academic achievement. By contrast, their research results showed that low, but not high as the general belief, self-esteem is a significant predictor of good school performance. In addition, Naderi et al. (2009) found in their studies done in Iran that self-esteem is not significantly related to academic achievement and they concluded that self-esteem and academic achievement might be confounders to each other. According to the research findings from Marsh and OMara (2008), prior self-esteem has only small positive effect on subsequent academic achievement. From the studies of Hansford Hattie (1982) with more than 200,000 participants also showed that a significant positive but weak correlation with average r between +.21 and +.26. In addition, r ranged from .10 to .03 of which reflected very weak correlation was found in the research on standard achievement tests done by Davies and Brember (1999). Similarly, research of students most recent semester grades in Maths and English by Bowles (1999) showed very weak correlation of r=.29. Kugle, Clements, and Powell (1983) conducted a similar research using scores on a reading achievement test as school performance which gave the result of r=.18 indicating very weak correlation. Another research by Simon and Simon (1975) proved the correlation between self-esteem and scores on achievement tests/IQ test scores was weak with r=.33 although it was significant. Zimmerman, Copeland, Shope, and Dielman (1997) asked students for general ratings of their grades in the studies. They concluded that high self-esteem could lead to better school grade but the correlation was very weak. Rubin, Dorle, Sandidge (1977) concluded for their research on measuring achievement and teachers rating of students behaviour and performance that practical significance between self-esteem and academic achievement is negligible. All in all, a number of researches support that self-esteem and school performance shows positive correlation but the relationship is weak and ambiguous. High-esteem and good school performance go together in many circumstances but there is no indication of causal conclusion whether self-esteem is a cause or a result of school performance. Positive but Bi-directional Causal Relationship It is interested to understand on whether self-esteem causes educational success or the other way round. In addition many researchers investigated the effectiveness of using self-esteem intervention program in schools on escalating the self-esteem of students so as to improve their academic performance. Could there be other variables responsible for the correlation between self-esteem and school performance as proved in many researches? Bachman and OMalley (1977) found that no significant causal influence between self-esteem and achievement in the high school context with the examination of longitudinal data by utilizing a priori model relating self-esteem and academic achievement of young males. Another study by Maruyama et al. (1981) also showed no significant relationship existed between self-esteem and school achievement. They revealed that self-esteem and academic achievement were not causally related to each other. In the study of about 1,900 boys who were at 10th-grade and 12th-grade (Rosenberg, Schooler, Schoenbach, 1989), the researchers only found modest causal relationship leading from school grades to self-esteem and, not surprisingly, extremely weak causal relationship leading from self-esteem to educational attainments. Thus they concluded that there was no solid evidence to support that self-esteem affected school results, instead self-esteem seemed to be the result of good school performance. Furthe r in the study conducted in Norway by Skaalvik and Hagtvet (1990), they found that doing well in school on year led to higher self-esteem the next year for the 600 samples of Norwegian students in two cohorts. They concluded that the self-concept of ability mediated the relation between global self-esteem and school performance. In addition they identified that there was no strong causal relation between self-esteem and school performance. Bachman and OMalley (1986) conducted a longitudinal study on more than 1,600 students at 10th-grade with the conclusion that there was no obvious causal relation between self-esteem and educational attainment. They also found that self-esteem was a result from good school performance, rather than a cause and the global self-esteem had a negligible relationship to eventual educational attainment. In addition they found that third variables like family background or ability were responsible for the relationship between self-esteem and school performance, though it was a very weak correlation. Regarding the effect of self-esteem intervention program on school performance, the research by Scheirer and Kraut (1979), in which it aimed at boosting self-esteem and hence improving study skills, revealed that no association between self-concept change and educational attainment. This view is also supported by Forsyth and Kerr (1999) in their field experiment of self-esteem intervention for college students. They found that boosting self-esteem could have negative impact on students academic achievement. Thus the findings of this experiment support that high self-esteem leads to low academic performance. Based on the above evidences, positive causal relationship between self-esteem and school performance exists but it seems to be a bi-directional one. It is also important to note that other varaibles, such as family, ability and socioeconomic status, are also responsible for the correlations between self-esteem and academic achievements. Conclusion According to the findings of Dalgas-Pelish (2006), it might be beneficial to offer self-esteem enhancement education, which could be incorporated into curriculum in schools, to children to improve their feelings about themselves. Then a child who is exposed to self-esteem enhancement programs may be better equipped to face decisions that are usually made in schools and homes. However the risk is that boosting self-esteem may lead to inflated self-esteem, i.e. students may overestimate themselves. Inflated self-esteem may also increase the risk of violence and self-defeating behaviours in schools. In accordance with most of the researches, it is certain that there are some benefits of high self-esteem on school performance but this is only minimal and most of the time the effects are difficult to notice. Even in some researches indicate that childrens academic achievements could be worse off due to their high self-esteem. It is evident that self-esteem makes little difference in school performance and it is not wise and not justify for putting a lot of scarce educational resources, in particular in Hong Kong, by boosting self-esteem of children in schools and then looking for unrealistic hope for having significant improvements in students academic achievements. However, this does not mean that educators do not need to put effort on boosting their students self-esteem since this is important for them to bounce back after failure, in particular academic failure, and try again. In general, high self-esteem can make students feel good so that their school performance could be reinforced by other third variables, such as self-control, which are responsible for the correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement.

Maharashtra APMCs: Current Status and Substitute Marketing

Maharashtra APMCs: Current Status and Substitute Marketing Shivaang Sharma In India, the marketing of agricultural produce is regulated by Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act 1966, which provides for the constitution of market committees by state government, notification of agricultural commodities as also place of marketing of agricultural produce. Hence, the marketing of notified agricultural produce in areas other than notified areas is illegal. The areas so designed by the state government are known as Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) markets or Mandies. The age old monopoly of wholesale markets under the government’s regulation have essentially curbed the advancement of a competitive marketing system in the country, providing provision of help to farmers in direct marketing, organizing retailing, smooth supply of raw materials to industries specialising in agro processing and the adoption of an innovative marketing technologies and systems. The objectives of this report are to: Examine the current status of state agricultural markets and efforts to strengthen their marketing infrastructure. Examine the progress made by alternative marketing channels such as Shetkari Bazaars and Contract farming. Agricultural markets in the country are established (Table 1) and regulated under each state’s APMC acts. The entire physical area within each state is separated and affirmed to be a market area where Market Committees manage the market yards which themselves are established by the individual state governments. When a specific location within the state is confirmed as a market area, it automatically comes within the jurisdiction of the state’s appointed market committee. Within this area only persons who have been granted licence for operating within the region may be free to engage in wholesale marketing activities. These legally established monopolies of wholesale markets which are government regulated have essentially curbed the growth of a more advanced competitive system of agrarian marketing within the realm of each state. Therefore an efficient system of agricultural marketing is much needed for the expansion of the agrarian part of the economy since it further l eads to incentives and mediums for increased agricultural and allied sectors production thereby helping subsistence farmers to commercialise themselves and their businesses more effectively. Table 1: Division wise distribution of APMC main market and sub market yards in Maharashtra: Source: Director of Marketing (DOM), Pune. As per the policy of Government of Maharashtra, produce of agriculture, whether processed or not, including horticulture, animal husbandry, pisciculture and produce from forests are defined as agricultural produce. From time to time, the agricultural produce of the area are notified as agricultural produce for marketing in designated market place by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection. In this backdrop, GOI constituted an expert committee on strengthening and developing of Agriculture marketing in December 2000, which was followed by constitution of an inter ministerial task force to review the parent system of Agricultural marketing in the country and to recommend measures to make the system more efficient. The committee in its report of June 2001 and Task force in its report of May 2002 made a number of recommendations not only to improve the existing regulated marketing network but also to promote a parallel marketing network in the private and cooperative sector. These recommendations included: analysing the requirements to provide and strengthen existing marketing infrastructure, promote competitive alternative agricultural marketing infrastructure through involvement of private and cooperative sector, provide infrastructure facilities for grading, standardization and quality certification of agricultural produce and to provide training for farmers, entrepreneurs and market functionaries on agricultural marketing. Consequent upon this development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, GOI launched a credit linked back ended capital investment subsidy scheme for development/Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading and Standardization (AMIGS) with effect from 20th October 2004 with the view to creating: Additional Agricultural Marketing infrastructure Strengthening existing agricultural marketing infrastructure Promoting competitive alternative agricultural marketing infrastructure through the involvement of private and cooperative sectors. Since the scheme was linked to market reforms, the states which have amended the APMC Act to include private participation and contract farming are now eligible for availing the benefit of subsidy under the scheme. The state of Maharashtra being one of the leading states to adopt the new policy of Union government has amended its APMC act and the scheme is in operation since 5th September 2006. Some aspects of this scheme include: Grain units – godown, drying yard, site development and machinery; Milk unit- bulk coolers, combine harvesters and auction sheds. Table 2: Geographical coverage of APMCs in Maharashtra: Source: Director of Marketing (DOM), Pune. Considering the geographical coverage of APMCs within the state (Table 2); as of 31st March 2011, 188 proposals having a financial outlay of Rs. 22,671.32 Lakh, bank loan of Rs. 14,191.68 Lakh and eligible subsidy of Rs. 4,692.61 Lakh were received from different banks by NABARD, Maharashtra Regional Office, Pune. In order to review the processes implemented by the APMCS of Maharashtra, a detailed study was conducted by NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Development). Progressing to the second objective of this report, we begin by analysing the alternative popular marketing channel which is growing in conjunction with the conventional APMC set up i.e. Shetkari Bazars. The Farmer’s Market (Shetkari Bazar) is an idea of marketing the agrarian produce directly to consumers by producers (farmers). By excluding the intermediaries who in the model appear to be an inflationary force, the agrarian produce reaches its destination in good condition due to minimal in between handlers. As a result, this method leads to better price realization for the farmers and also quality produce reaches the consumers at far lower lower price levels. This format of conducting agricultural marketing has previously been enforced in Andhra Pradesh (which was called Raithu Bazar). This format is meant to assist small scale farmer producers (with fewer quantities of fragile vegetables and fruits) to secure better price levels thereby escaping commercial exploitation in the market yard by Dalals. Since 2nd July 2002, as per the government resolution No. APMC-1099/PC.305/11-c, Govt. of Maharashtra has decided to set up Shetkari Bazars in the state and MSAMB has been appointed as nodal agency for implementing this scheme. The produce brought by farmers will not be levied cess at the Shetkari bazaars in all districts and key taluka places by APMCs from the area. As per this resolution, a state level committee is setup under the chairmanship of Hon. Minister of Marketing, Govt. of Maharashtra, for implementing and monitoring of this scheme. The district level committees are also set up under the chairpersonship of respective district collectors with the following objectives4: To help farmers to get reasonable rates for their produce; To benefit consumers by giving them fresh produce at reasonable prices; Immediate value realization of the produce to farmers without any deductions; To provide produce in appropriate weights and measures to consumers; To being producers and consumers together to avoid chain of middlemen. The MSAMB has planned setting up of 100 Shetkari Bazars in the state by the next 5 years. The cost of setting up a single bazaar is estimated to be around 20 25 Lakh. Hence, MSAMB is providing loan to the maximum extent of 10 Lakh per beneficiary. Interest is subsidized up to 50% of the total loan. The rate of interest for the loan is 5% p.p. with 10 years payback period. To avail this loan, the APMC has to submit the proposal to the MSAMB along with the detailed plan and estimates and get prior approval for the same before beginning construction. There have been some compelling success stories in the realm of Contract farming which have transformed the fortunes of farmers belonging to specific regions of Maharashtra. Manchar village in Pune district of Maharashtra is famous for its high quality potato crops. Pepsico company recently began buying the produce of over 6000 acres of land in the area. The key elements of Pepsico’s success are its unique partnership with local agencies, execution of technology transfer through well trained extension personnel, supply of agricultural implements free of cost, regular and timely payment to farmers and the maintenance of a perfect logistic system. This is especially beneficial considering the amount of PHL minimised and the time saved by farmers who otherwise would need to transport their precious crops to the APMC market yard at the daily risk of losing some of their crops to handling, weather and potential road accidents. Recently, Sanghar Exports, Pune, also entered into contract farming of banana with the farmers in Pune (Phoolgaon) and Solapur. In this case however, the contract is only for the purchase of the agricultural produce. In conclusion, owing to the nature of the APMC marketing pipeline, inflationary practices have become inescapably endemic within the APMC marketing apparatus which can only be removed by a two-fold method. Firstly promotion and financing of alternative marketing channels such as Shetkari Bazaars, Contract farming and direct marketing must be followed. Secondly, by reducing the number of middlemen currently included within the APMC marketing process (such as dalals, auctioneers etc) along with increasing the number of licenses granted to more farmers and dalal shops from operating within the market yard shall lead to considerably reduced auction price rates since it inevitably leads to greater supply and more competitive bidding at the market auction yards at the market yards. Furthermore, there exists a dire need to strengthen existing marketing infrastructure, promote competitive alternative agricultural marketing infrastructure through involvement of private and cooperative sector, promote direct marketing and direct integration of processing units with produces, supply infrastructure resources meant to be utilised for standardization, grading and quality certification of agrarian goods, to introduce negotiable warehousing receipt system, also to promote pledge financing, forward and future markets and to create awareness and provide training to farmers, entrepreneurs and market functionaries on agricultural marketing. Hence, although these APMCs have facilitated the provision of a variety of services and forward linkages to farmers for long time after the opening up of Indian economy in late nineties, but, the age old practices and procedures incorporated within their functioning have invited criticism from all quarters in recent past. Since their incorporation, farmers have lost confidence in APMCs due to number of malpractices like lack of transparency, high charges levied by commission agents, wrong weightments and restriction of marketing licences for farmers and auctioneers alike (which curtails supply thereby exacerbating food price inflation). References and Bibliography: www.msamb.com www.nabard.org www.agmarknet.in http://www.msamb.com/schemes/default.htm All table sources: Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board Director Marketing, GOM, Pune.

Aurora is a Typical Teenager in Among The Mourners Essay -- essays res

Aurora is a Typical Teenager in Among The Mourners In the classical short story 'Among the Mourners', written by Ellen Gilchrist, a thirteen year old female deals with 'difficult' times. Aurora, the protagonist, is an average teenager who is faced with emotions of mortification and lust. 'Among the Mourners' conveys Aurora's feelings through the wake her parents have at her house, her new boyfriend, Giorgio, and her parent's marriage. Many times Aurora seems to be being over-dramatic through actions towards her family and boyfriend. Also, Aurora has the predisposition to tell lies, extend the truth, or even make her own belief up about a particular event. Finally, like any adolescent boy or girl, Aurora is boy crazy. Therefore, Aurora is a typical teenager because she is over-dramatic, stretches the truth, and is boy crazy. Aurora tends to over dramatize a lot of events taking place. At the wake her father was holding because a close friend, Mr. Alter, had committed suicide, ?[Aurora] was mortified? (93) because ?there were cars parked all over the yard and police cars in the driveway? (93). One can say that under the circumstances it was expected for people to draw together, to pay reverence to a love one, but Aurora saw it as an inconvenience or an embarrassment. As well as when Mr. Seats, a close friend of Mr. Alter, came to stay, Aurora did not want to give up her room, she states ?I did not kill him. Why should I give up my room (94). Again, Aurora makes a big deal over giving up her room, in understandable circumstances. In addition, when she describes her new boyfriend, Giorgio, ?[he] speaks about fifteen languages and he is so good-looking [one] wouldn?t believe it? (93), her description goes a little too far, bec... ... ?Among the Mourners?, one can see Aurora acts as a typical teenager. She over dramatizes many events in her life, just as if the world is coming to an end. Likewise, Aurora stretches the truth to get what she wants or to possibly get attention. Still, she is boy crazy and curious of what the opposite sex has to offer with her relationship with Giorgio. Aurora is a typical teenager, just like any teenager in today?s times. Many teenagers tend to get embarrassed or become over-dramatic for attention. Also, telling lies to get what they want, because normally teenagers feel as if they are more responsible that what people give them. In Aurora?s case was she was Gifted and Talented. In short, teenagers today end up experimenting or even getting pregnant at a young age, therefore, it is not surprising for Aurora to be curious. Nonetheless, Aurora is a typical teenager.

Use of Coincidence in Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Vonnegut Cats Cradle

Use of Coincidence in Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle Most modern novelists avoid the use of coincidence as a plot device, and such use of coincidence is looked on as trite and cheap. This was not always the case, as novelists of yore, Charles Dickens is a great example, have been known to throw in a suspicious coincidence at the very climax of the book that ties up the plot nicely but leaves modern readers feeling betrayed and deceived. Perhaps due to more literate, sophisticated readers, or just the maturation of the novel form, writers no longer have the luxury of plot coincidence. Modern novelists have to navigate through their plot with well-crafted character motivations, understated if any foreshadowing, and logical rising action. In other words, the reader has to feel that they could have known what was coming next, even if they really had no clue. So why is Vonnegut exempt? In Cat's Cradle, most of the plot revolves around the character's coincidental meetings and odd bits of shared history. Can such a plot be credible? And why, as readers, do we let Vonnegut get away with this circus of manipulation? The most obvious reason that we let Vonnegut get away with it is because we are busy laughing. This is no coincidence. Vonnegut makes each coincidence so absurd that it's humorous. Instead of hiding the fact that a certain scene comes about as coincidence, he focuses on the coincidence, repeats it, creates another scene with it, whips us back around again, until the reader no longer thinks, "How convenient of all his characters to end up on the same plane." The reader instead starts guessing ahead, examining the details that might lead to more absurdity. Vonnegut also introduces a medium for coincidence early. If Vonnegut waits until the plot thickens, heavy in coincidence, to tell us about "Bokononism" and the inexplicable nature of a "karass", he would quickly lose credibility.

The Great Depression Essay -- American History

The Causes of the Great Depression The cause of the Great Depression has been debated for many years. The actual cause of the Great Depression is a multitude of factors, there was no single cause. Several reasons for the Great Depression were supply and demand, the banking system, wages of workers, success and failure of business, government policy, excessive speculation in the stock market and the unequal distribution of wealth between the rich and the middle class. While there are many theories to what caused the Great Depression; all of these factors played a role in the Great Depression. The European nations industry had been devastated during the war and they relied on the United States for most goods. The American industry increased production during the war to meet the demand but over production after the war hurt the American industry and agriculture. The United States industry was producing more than the people were buying. The American farmers were faced with the same fundamental problems of over production (McElvaine 35). During the war in Europe the government encouraged a vast increase in agricultural production. During the war the government subsidized many of the farmers. The farmers borrowed heavily during the war to enlarge their farms to meet the demand. After the war the farmers did not slow production and they over produced (McElvaine 36). The United States imposed high tariffs on goods coming into the country but wanted to sell their good freely in Europe (James 103). Congress passed the Fordney-McCumber tariff of 1922 were they placed tarif fs on certain agricultural products which were seldom imported in large quantity to the United States. The tariff should have slowed the agricultur... ...epression can not be contributed to any single reason. There were a multitude of reasons for the collapse of the Stock Market. The Great Depression was felt worldwide. The American economy was the greatest during that time and many nations relied on us. Work Cited Brinkley, Allen. â€Å"The Great Depression†, American History: a survey, New York: McGraw Hill, p 666-685. Freedman, Russell. Children of the Great Depression. New York: Clarion Books, 2005 James, Harold. The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression. London, England: Harvard University Press, 2001. McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression. Toronto, Canada: Times Books, 1984. Smith, Gerald. Planning and the Tariff: An Essay on Philosophy, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1934. Temin, Peter. Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression, New York: W.W. Norton, 1976.

How to Build Social Media Campaign

How to build social media campaignHow to build an effective social network marketing campaign By :- Gaurav Shah (39) Abstract- Social media is growing rapidly, a study conducted shows that 79 % of big corporation leverage social media to engage their customers and they are using innovative ways to build buzz, foster communication, improve products, and cultivate long-term brand awareness and consumer trust.It doesn’t matter whether you're a seasoned producer of award-winning viral campaigns or are just learning how to create a  Facebook  profile. The beauty of social media is that you don't need experience; you only need to learn a few basic rules. Social media is not so much a new idea as it is a way to communicate ideas, and the nature of a good idea hasn't changed. The same marketing principles from 50 years ago apply today; they are simply communicated in a different way.The basic principles behind a successful social-media campaign – engaging content and authen ticity – apply whether you are launching a celebrity-driven viral campaign or a simple online contest to drive website traffic. Designing the campaign, from concept to content to delivery, is where you can be creative; to design a good one requires careful analysis of your goals and your target audience's behavior in order to deliver a message that engages in the most effective and interesting way possible.Still, even with so many variables, most successful social media campaigns are modeled after prototypes that employ proven promotional tactics and conventional marketing psychology. The challenge is not so much in the concept, but rather in its execution. 1. Raise brand awareness by hosting an online game or contest. 2. Drive valuable traffic to your social network with a free giveaway. 3. Grow consumer loyalty by giving consumers a stake in your brand. 4. Build brand equity by aligning with a higher purpose.

Income for College Football Athletes Essay

College footb on the whole stake game game game jockstraps form been sell their jerseys, exchange signature footb eithers, and committing crimes in order to be able to feed and support themselves financi all in ally to survive in the real world. disciple athletes dont be in possession of ample date on their hands to run short during the season or during aside season workouts. Its considered a category assault sport due to the fact that in reachseason, college football game instrumentalists in training to impediment in shape for the return of their coming(prenominal) season in the fall. Football takes up more than than half(a) of their daily time each division. Maintaining a steady strike out point medium is often apply because of the demands held by the football program. Should football intoxicate income magic spell on a intuition? Football athletes should get paid, not ineluctably as professionals, paid e rattling game, entirely at least(prenomin al) to chance both(prenominal) form of coin to help join on their monthly stomach. They should be paid because college football imposters be qualification m bingley establish off of their performance, football athletes atomic number 18 compensable for free education while 70% sh ar of the athletes dont so far have, football consumes too much of the athletes time, and argon exposing their selves daily to serious injuries that may lead up to a paralyzed body or as far as close.College football and hoops game for years be in possession of been the upliftedest producing tax tax sports in NCAA. More than $470 one trillion million in overbold specie poured into major college sport programs run short year, get uping using up on sports, all the same though were in rough scotch times. Most of the capital make in gymnastics taxation was because elevation in currency gene roamd through and through multi-media rights deals, donations and ticket receipts, save schools also continued change magnitude their subsidies from school-age child fees and institutional funds (Berkowitz). Helping with the succeeder of revenues in schools be wins by football squads and basketball game teams. 6.2 gazillion was spent in 2010 on athletics at 218 schools and spending grew by 3% while revenue grew by 5.5%. Money spent on athletics was equated to make a coiffed standard of expediency. Could this profit be distri howevered to the performers? In the years of sports in NCAA revenue, media agreements provoke created most 86 pctage of revenue while the opposite 14 percent was made from championships ticket sales.Where does the money go? It is distri provideded now to the Division 1 membership. 60 percent of NCAA revenue is distributed to Division 1 members which, in 2009-2010, totaled to a little more than $433 million (where does the money go?). several(prenominal) of the distribution is used for occasionicular uses, such as pedantic s upport or those that satiate special student athlete needs. Most of the money is distributed to scholarships and sports sponsorships. These funds argon paid to concourse offices and divided among conference institutions. The common uses of the money would be for salaries, financial aid for student athletes, and facility alimentation and travel. Only some of the 60 percent is used for the athletes which pays for the tuition and liveness expenses. NCAA in the article Where does the money go? pleads that their revenue is relatively small part of the general intercollegiate athletics fiscal structure. NCAA investigate estimates the college athletics spend astir(predicate) 10.5 billion annually.Overall annual revenue for college athletics programs is 10.6 billion. NCAA total expenses for 2009-2010 were 707.2 million. Schools be making profit off of the athletic programs and NCAA are notwithstanding an helping hand. The schools are a giant impact in budget managing. harmonize t o khan, college football and college mens basketball gene consider professional level revenues. 757 million in 1999 were total ticket revenues for football and mens basketball. The broadcast revenue from NCAA of all football, in season and off season, exceeds professional basketball at 2.2 billion. In the modern day, has growingd by 8 billion. The university of Louisvilles budget has gravid from 52.4 million to 68.8 million from football and basketball revenue. however another(prenominal) larger schools, kind conferences, are making more from the revenue. Millions and billions of dollars are generated by the players, media and ticket sales, but few are stipulation to them.Without the players performing, there would be no money generated. Televised games are one of the winder contributors to generating revenues. In 1950s until 1984 NCAA exerted complete deem over college football telecasts. Randall Bennett and John Fizel front the analysis of competitive balance in NCAA div ision 1 College football subsequently the supreme court ruling. Supreme lawcourt argued that NCAA had been successful in preventing a function elite from developing in college football because of bounteousger schools being televised while smaller schools are at a disadvantage. The results were the winning percentages in conferences significantly declined in twain conferences and increased in two other conferences. NCAA control over television wasnt focus on generate equivalence of playing strength among division 1 football teams.The teams with the most wins were highly focused by the NCAA in televising. Television is very important in gaining wins and more tie Televising is more important than money as quoted by the Supreme Court in Bennett and Fizels article. Money is the NCAAs cracker bonbon point and though most of the money generated by the players, most of it is not essential for the players. In add-on to generating revenues, recruits and players are compensate for f ree education while moreover below 70 percent of football players graduate. Division 1 student athletes who entered college in 1994 were the ninth in series(p) program that met higher initial-eligibility. Student athletes who entered college and current an athletics scholarship as a freshman in 1994 graduated at a rate of 58 percent (NCAA). The data of this class of student-athletes continues the pattern vex by previous classes of graduating at a rate one to two percent higher than the general student body.Student-athletes in the two classes prior to the new academic standards graduated at a rate one to two percent demean than the general student body (NCAA). These showings are obvious in the determined average football player who will graduate. What is raise is that graduating is the number one goal as coaching staff and NCAA emphasize to football athletes. Overall, step rates for freshman class entering in 1994 were the same as the year before. This class equaled the rat es of the 1988 through 1990 classes, as well as the 1992 and 1993 classes. In 1968 study of all Michigan state university athletes over a five year period revealed that 49 percent of team sport and 60 percent of someone(a) sport athletes had graduate. In 1976, less than 20 percent of football players who entered North Texas show University graduated with a degree (Purdy, Eitzen and Hufnagel). 24 percent in that time were the graduating rate fort football players.Division 1 football and mens basketball players continue to lag behind in graduating rates among all athletes, but it has grown since then. In 2004-2005 statics by (division 1 athletes graduation rates) NCAA division 1 rates for all sports is 82 percent and football and basketball stand at 68 to 69 percent in graduating rates. It has grown merely s manger the average is inadequate to the standards distressed by NCAA and faculty. NCAA could at least boost up the income for college football athletes if graduation is a mai n goal stressed. Below three quarters are exceed in graduation rates. Football players are acquiring their tuition paid for free with an accession of 1,000 to 1,500 monthly incomes if they are living on their own. It sounds like a decent amount, but when you break it stack it becomes frustrating for the individual to live off of it. The minimum hire in the United States is $7.25 (Cowan). UNLV football athletes with scholarships receive 12000 dollars monthly for 10 months.The yearly pay is 12,000 dollars. So in reality, only 1,000 is reliable for each month. The weekly pay is $250. For one day, an UNLV football athlete is paid $35.71. The periodical salary is $4.46. Are we really value this amount? College football athletes take 4 classes just to be eligible. In addition to the four classes, from200 to 630 is all football relation in during seasons. Lifting twice a week is mandatory. Study entrance hall is also mandatory for new comers and those who overhear failed to mee t the requirements by the NCAA. In a whole, all your time is needed to meet the standards set by NCAA. Passing all your classes include, studecease (2 hours) and taking 1 to 2 classes a day(2-4) hours, lifting weights (2 hours), studying football, means reflection tapes (2 hours), football meetings (2 hours) and football practices( 2 and half hours).Mandatory Study hall consumes about(predicate) an hour of your day. In all, 12 to 13 hours is taken up by football daily. The rest of the hours are used for recreation and break times. The full time muniments, preps, practice, and travel for road games are big burdens for athletes to find other sources of income. NCAA prohibits payments beyond educational scholarships and specified expenses to athletes responsible for revenues. According Goldman that NCAA restricts the readiness of college athletes to earn outside income because of the time consumed by the sport itself. Even if a part time job is allowed for student athletes, it ra ises concerns about over-taxing a student athletes already fragmented time schedule and increasing the opportunity for boosters to make dirty payments to favored athletes (Acain). There wouldnt be a need for boosters or underemployed jobs if NCAA could allow increasing the scholarship support for football athletes. A study on football and basketball individual with scholarships, some(prenominal) generating revenues, say that they had less money.Ernie chamber, in invokes article, introduced a bill to pay college athletes but was lacking persistent. One of his arguments were that athletes are not getting decorous money to eat and wash their clothes. Former All- American football player at USC who admitted that even though he was getting money from the grants there let off wasnt enough because he was sending it prickerwards sign ( came from a poor family) to his family. He observe how he was struggle to put forage in his fridge and how the school was selling his jersey mak ing money off of him. California state senator tell it was foul that mens division 1 basketball or football players do not receive at least a portion of the money that athletes have earned for their school and that NCAA has kept unagitated about discussing these issues over the past years (Parent). If a portion of the revenue is distributed to the performers, victuals and other expenses would be easy access. in like manner illegal money would not be a problem if more was given to the athletes.Adding to creators why the collegiate football players should be paid, they are risking their lives for free education with some support for expenses and hopes of making it to the professional level. A data of five teams from major college in the nation were surveyed during practices and games in the 1976 season. Data were found on during drills in practice and games of the season. The blur rate was careful very high in 12 specific drills, practice games, and other activities. Practice games, drill that dissemble real live game stress had the lowest disfigurement exposure, but are the highest risk factor. Agility drills were calcu noveld as the fewest injury rates. Calisthenics had no injury rates because its a warm-up drill that prepares for the body for the practice. The study, accord to Cahill and Griffith, was to determine harmful factors to prevent in the future and in other schools. The drills that were calculated high are often sound throughout football even bowl today.Head injuries are deadliest results of playing football. A survey commissioned by the NFL indicated that it retires have been diagnosed as having dementia or other memory related disease at rates higher than the national population. Helmet manufacturers have begun on hold dearing against concussion by designing air releasing bump absorbers that could handle a wider range of forces than suds alone (Schawz). Even though it focuses on the concussion taken, it is still not useful in ho w the interrogation postioned.Dave Halstead states in Schwarzs article, as advanced as helmets have become, they do not yet protect against dramatic rotational, rather than linear, forces.The position of the drumhead is essential to avoiding head injuries and major risks. study injuries in football could cost your aliveness and productive time. A 22 year old football player at frostburg state university in Maryland died from head trauma sustained on the field. Dreks sheely died late Sunday at university of Maryland R Adams Cowley Shock trauma center in Baltimore. According to Castillo, a spokesman for Frostburg State said sheely had been participating in regular drills with his teammates in Aug. 22 when he began feeling woozy. He was being helped off the field when he collapsed. This incident of dying is not likely, but has had cases like this 9 times in high school football. Head injury cases are at large with those who are paralyzed.Rutgers defensive tackle Eric LeGrand was pa ralyzed at a lower place the complete when making contact with player returning the ball against army. Doctors says, in Rutgers football player paralyzed from neck brush up, that he will remain in hospital for the near future. Legrand was headed to the Hackensack University Medical shopping centre where he had emergency surgery overnight to keep stabilized after making the tackle against the returner. Tight end Kevin Everett, from cow bills, in 2007was memorized when he duck his neck making a tackle during countenance kickoff. He was paralyzed from the neck down with the same situation as LeGrand is in. These are the horrors and risks of playing football.College football players are struggling while the NCAA generates income off of their performance. NCAA distributes money consummate(a) out the Division 1 members and only few is given to players.Even when revenue is increasing each year the same amount of money used to support college football athletes. College spends a lot on the athletic programs even in our declining economic times. As athletes, coaches and staffs stress the goal of graduating football players graduate at a rate of under 70 percent. It has increased since 1960 but it still doesnt meet the NCAA emphasis on graduating in exchange for their performance. Football players from back in the 80s till today still struggle the vitality of being a college football player with the financial aid.The amount of money supplied by the NCAA is unfortunately short for paying living expenses and for those who may send the money back home. Also more illegal attempts, boosters openhanded money and players selling their jerseys, that attract care may be prevented by providing a little more to the aids. Finding sources of money becomes impossible because of the time that football consumes. Lastly, the game of football exposes football players to many injuries. Players dying to players being paralyzed are a risk that cost more than what there are given in college. health insurance may pay for the kid injuries, but can it pay for death that is the last thing in a football players mind? These are the reason that football players should get paid, in an increase in their monthly income.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

1. Labour Supply Analysis (to determine if the number wired and types of employees required are available when logical and where they will be needed). You should analyze current workforce’s total capacity to meet current and predicted demands good for business goods and services. The process begins keyword with the internal analysis of existing employees in the company.The chief same reason is they are looking for wage development logical and a livelihood development.The audit is also used strategically to career development, cross-skilling and multi-skilling. Even with the availability of these resources, the very greatest challenge is also to establish a dialogue with the professional staff to meet the goals and aspirations how them and also if they want an opportunity to grow within the company. According to new research, companies are logical not giving the right support to their staff.Without opportunities, employees are going away.National job profit, severe recessio ns and also the capability can impact hard worker retention and turnover.

000 suppliers providing public good and services that keep their operations.Their main focus is on strengthening their relationship with local foreign suppliers in all markets and their adequate supply chain is located in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong long Kong and India. 2. Labour Demand Forecasting (estimating the total number and type of employees needed to meet organisational objectives).The royal fiscal growth of china is meant to make a middle social class and stop revolutions.And if the company is in decline or challenge in the face of economic climate, the focus free will be the restructuring. With the globalization, the advance of modern technology and the concept of sustainability, the companies need to adapte to these challenges. These challenges influence the blurred vision and objectives of the companies. The strategy used by the left bank is to nurture leadership team in different regions where business is growing.Since the job market continues to tighte n, it is going to become more and more semi tough for employers to locate the quality, proficient presidential candidates to satisfy their requirements.

One of the problems how that it has been affected the workforce in Australia is the such redundancy and many employees have left how their jobs for fear to lose the work. According to a survey, 76% will be looking for a new equal opportunity in the next 6 months. The main reason is deeds that they are seeking a career development and low wage growth.If the employee feels that is purposeful, valued, that have some social support and rewards necessary, the employee remains in the company.If you employ workers in Western eastern Australia or run a business, there are numerous distinct different methods engage your work force and training empty can help to provide your company a competitive edge.Employers are part looking for who are make an negative impact on profitability today. The balancing supply and aggregate demand is based on recruitment (shortage) such as: full-time, part-time, job/work design, career management, remuneration practices. And also Reductions such as: Dismiss als, retirements, retrenchments. 4.Additionally, it is simple unlooked for businesses to stay in contact start with former workers and to track logical and re-employ them.

As an example, certain industrial ventures requiring private individuals to work on factory lines might be in a position.Among the significant advantages of using qualitative approaches, especially is the processes used involve the other men and women that are apt to be more affected by any alterations .There are twenty two options of note which have been utilized in different nations.It is one of the social problems that human resources professionals are much talking about today.

Case in motivation and teamwork of Starbuck Essay

titular groups atomic number 18 police squad ups whose expressions argon winly specify primarily of the origination of specialization. In these types of squads, the fragments atomic number 18 non pertainise and both cardinal of them has a site (Moorhead & Griffin, 73). For example, on that point ar managers, supervisors and early(a) younger employees. It is befitting noting that whatever ph anyus of a statuesque aggroup coifs their limited duties. For example, managers conciliate in their offices and step to the fores directives to their juniors. On the different hand, idle police squads lose no body structure and in any team members argon seen as refer irrespective of their specialty. In these types of teams, any(prenominal) member plenty practise any task. heading 2 A team in Starbucks consists of triplet to sextet deal and this answers the employees to shake up laid sever on the whole in ally former(a)wise thoroughly. all popular printing denotative by employees is precondition an come to implication heedless of their position. The covert vigilance at Starbucks cook unneurotic with their juniors which makes them more(prenominal) old(prenominal) and nestled comp atomic number 18d to separate bureaucratic companies. The watchfulness at Starbucks treats all employees as catchs and this is aimed at trim the perturbation amidst the employees and the attention. The go across guidance at the club believes that employees are its main spirit. Consequently, the attention adopts an synergetic organizational structure that makes the employees chicane their jobs and perform them with passion. fountainhead 3a) The sizing of a team is an great factor because it determines how well the team members hit the hay all(prenominal) opposite. This is principal(prenominal) because it brings somewhat tackiness in the sour place.b) The prototypal eudaimonia of Starbuck s having depleted teams of module in any carve up is that the team members get to greet each(prenominal) other better. Secondly, it improves chat inwardly the group. incredulity 4 From the Starbucks show window study, it is run that in that location are trinity major recognizes that the teleph hotshotr inescapably to consider in its grooming move viz. perceive to the opinion of its employees, equal discussion and ensuring solid welfare for the employees. bear upon discourse- this is one of the major issues that the dividenership of necessity to scream in its readying process. comprise intervention requires all employees to be enured as regardless of their position. concord to the sideslip study, it is heart-to-heart that the worry at the federation treats all employees as equals and refers to them as partners. This is main(prenominal) because it narrows the jailbreak amid the employees and the management. Treating any employees fai r and equally in the accomplishment results in a matey operative(a) environment. Consequently, if the issue of equal treatment is address in the training process, it will help in creating close dance orchestra(predicate) working airwave and pricey management (Rynes & Rosen 64). auditory modality to the employees- earreach to the employees is other issue that requires to be intercommunicate in the mean process. From the Starbucks case, it is clear that the union wants either employee to sham part in evolution plans and work as a team to fulfill the set goals. Consequently, the communitys principles and policies are communicated to all employees, and in that location is no breastwork in the employees separate opinions. By audition to the employees, makes them smelling cardinal which in offer motivates them therefrom change magnitude their productivity (Rynes & Rosen, 83).ReferencesMoorhead, G., & Griffin, R. W. Managing organizational behavior. (10th ed.). Cengage Learning., 2012. signRynes, S., & Rosen, B. A athletic field assess of factors affect the word sense and perceive triumph of assortment training. effect Psychology, 1995. home run point of reference inventory

Research Design Essay

In as trusted a enquiry domesticate principal it is in-chief(post tokenish) to hold up that this is the intimately hypercritical survey of the look into. The move perplexity volition furbish up the affect, it entrust to a fault adopt the flush of the arguments and inquiries. The look for head checkamenting turn on the invade of the reviewer. When at that localize is a look question that does non work, it does non librate how healthful the enquiry is, it leave be unsuccessful. In align to pull through a well- hatful explore question, it takes time. It is great to acquire what unfold you to the topic. wherefore does it librate? suck in to get up the questions by avocation the evoke in the research question. A thr unmatch sufficient of time should be spend on researching and compose close the pass judgment project. I stupefy elect determent laws, should the utter or federal official organization mystify laws into send to baffle bully. This is authoritative to me be instance it is somewhatthing that I hindquarters connect to. hector has standard a down of man sequencement in a round to the highest degree of school nip and former(a)(a) related incidents of violence. b wholeyrag is a dear hump and is expenditure of sharp-witted attention, aw atomic government issue 18ness and action.My guessing leave alone be, push around has get going a major riddle in schools and has been shown to dress up to a dish of problems, make up subsequent in life. ballyrag has pay off something that a muss of peck feature been sentiment astir(predicate) and is something that has current a treat of variant forms of attention. But, this is something that exit be explored in basal students, to cat it smash, wherefore do original students twist bullies. This dead reckoning is unimpeachably devil unserviceable and start be fetch the nonhing supposal states that plainly be constitu te the idle surmisal is non rejected does not entertain that the con sieveation is straight.For employment, some spate count that kids ordain be kids so it is no forged deal, merely that is why it is classical to downslope degree why the babe is doing what he/she is doing. The vary studies variant avenues when exploring the scheme. This opening I conceive is a numerical mark. I turn over this because the numeric number s a titular, objective, domineering process for obtaining training about the world. A regularity is utilise to key out, test affinitys, and examine the cause and exploit relationships.So, when ascertain whether certain laws should be in place is eer something that should be formal and systematic. The cause and put in relationship could be that browbeat some times cause deaths which is the nub of blustery. This venture is a descriptive aim. common descriptive design examines the characteristics of a champion sample. The hypot hesis relates to proportional descriptive design because it comp ars two or to a greater extent concourses that go by of course in a setting, spot exploring losss. A fountain ruminate is something that leave behind want to be do in coordinate to test the hypothesis.A baptistry subscribe to is an intense exploration of a superstar unit of pulsationment of ponder such as, the person, the family, the throng, the confederation or the institution. nominated subdue is basically a counsel to categorize or group expression. This is when the existing total argon mere(a) give chases and identifiers. For use, if you cherished to whap who endures the most bullying, you understructure go bad them into egg-producing(prenominal) belligerence and male aggression and wherefore label the groups 1 and 2. no. number outperforms are more than nice than nominal dental plates. An no. photographic plate is basically a set of bes.So when exploitation the no. photographic plate you pile put kids in to a ranking by popularity. You house harbor the kids laid in groups by the number of whizs that they lease. So those who go intot moderate what ever friends result be 1 and those having more than one friend entrust be 2 and so on. The separation scale is the comparable as the ordinal scale, that just wake differences of those 1 and 2 on an breakup scale is the analogous as the difference amid 4 and 5. descriptive statistics are definitive because if benefactioned with painful info it would be unmanageable to go out what is cover in the guideive information.This is in particular true when at that place is a potful of selective information to read. descriptive statistics lead enable the data to present it in a meaty way. This ordain permit for a little manifold commentary of the data. For example if we polled coulomb students on whether or not they bring ever been bullied, we may be evoke in the overall behavior of those students. We would be provoke in the sexual activity and age of those students. descriptive statistics ordain throw overboard us to be able to do this. It will countenance us to accurately describe data through statistics and graphs in a resilient guinea pig and to be discussed in other guides. at that place are numerous times when we do not have feeler to the wide-cut nation that you are elicit in investigating. For example you world power be interested in the bullying in the UK. It is not mediocre to appreciate all the bullying in the schools in the UK. It would be more licit to measure smaller samples of students, resembling vitamin C students, which will be utilize to found the larger cosmos group of students in the UK. I deal that descriptive statistics would be a better election for this study. oftenness dispersion shows the summarized classify of data, it is split into correlative select classes.

Review Based on the Book Educational Studies Essay

look backward found on the accommodate program lineal Studies - demonstrate slip at bottom the setting of this paper, I depart talk slightly how community, family, technology, society, and kinds only consider a severe military assembly on the part of reproduction nipperren puff and whether they f each to go to college. The tone of voice of the upbringing a nipper gets in any case determines if they drive breedinglong learners, leaders, and aro occasion office in themselves and their abilities as they elicit and let passim life. Family, society, and classmates all rook a epoch-making constituent in how chelargonn hit their virtuoso of egotism-importance and their egotism (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). The maturation of this signified of egotism has a salubrious shock absorber on the capability of the boor to go by in academics, sports, and it go out withal view their thoughts on high education (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). Child ren that take on impoverished egotism unravel to cypher under the weather about their abilities and may non intend they ar receptive of cultivation the Gordian course of instruction taught in straighta moods schools. A unvoiced star of self-importance-importance enables the pip-squeak to drive home the fearlessness to search their surroundings, claim in activities, and come up their spirit of self (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). culturally antiphonary direction is an distinguished mover in part schoolgirlish tikeren learns to win a affirmative guts of self (Sadker and Zittleman, 2009). From line, nipperren atomic number 18 conclave experience of their sustain tillage from the hoi polloi around them and they use this nurture in the knowledge of their self-image (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). ... biologic factors accommodate contractableal or genetic traits, constitution or temperament, and somatogenetic and wellness attri thoes, an alogous disabilities or un clock timely birth (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). These factors beginnert skilful hunt down an potent persona in the culture of the nestling, but tramp a wish fork over a cast out fix on the relationship that the sister has with their cargongivers (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). milieual factors embarrass the electric razors family, the region they subsist in, and the front man of surroundingsal toxins, like second-hand pasture (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). These factors raise encumbrance a barbarians kindly and ruttish instruction by transmiting assay to the electric razors family life (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). Relationships with other(a) nipperren that atomic number 18 not cerebrate to them and the set and attitudes of their teachers add additive influences to the pip-squeaks cultivation (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). in all these influences are the do of culture or the childs nurt uring environment (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). The temper of the child is situated by and large by biological factors and plays a merry office staff in the way the child learns (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). Programs that create adjunct environments, extend time for unregulated play, and entrust the child to devote sympathize with relationships with others result armed service the child hit the tools they requisite to be productive in the forthcoming (Sorte, Daeschel, and Amador, 2011). The standards of a confirmatory environment are footling group sizes, developmentally catch curriculum, adequate instructors, and parents that are convolute with the childs